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Materials-Printmaking:
9"
x 9" scratch foam print plates --
ball point pens—pencils—drawing paper— plastic modeling tools -- printing
ink (white and choice of colors) —brayers— ink plates— assorted paper
drying rack -- newspaper
For cast prints: paper pulp (handmade
paper)—mold and deckle-- vat --felts --sponges.
Ceramics:
Clay, plaster humps, assorted tools, canvas,
rolling pins, guide sticks., plastic bags. Black slip, glazes, underglazes
, brushes
Vocabulary:
Mimbres bowls, foot, relief print--draped slab - slip- score -
underglaze -- glaze —reduction print—Anazasi--symbolism
Note: Nov 2000—only made print. Made effigy bowl instead of print
impression
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Objectives:
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To learn how to
make a relief print - to learn reduction and registration.
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To learn
papermaking and make an embossed print.
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To use symbolism in
art.
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To learn ceramic hand building techniques and decorating techniques
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To learn about pottery of
Native American cultures--symbolism in images
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To learn about issues
concerning Native Americans
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To become aware of the needs
of the community
—collect foods for food bank.
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Instructional
resources:
Video “Daughters of the Anazasis”
Video: The Anazasis (just show parts)
Internet Lesson: Southwest Native Americans
Additional online resources.
Meaning of Mimbres Images - see Legends
in Clay www.legendsinclay.com
Reproductions by Randy Werner
Numerous art prints and images from National Geographic—National
Geographic CD-ROM
“The Anasazi” Teacher made PowerPoint
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Instruction/Motivation
for print:
1. Explain South West Native American culture--introduce beliefs,
values--show video: "Daughters of the Anazasis"--discuss
video.
2. Present PowerPoint-South West pottery - Anazasis culture
3. Have students design their own Mimbres –8” round design. Use
compass to draw circle - and create border design.
4. Demonstrate transferring to printing plate
5. Present Internet lesson: http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middle/swest.htm
6. Demonstrate pattern and contrast on plate—pressing areas down
7. Demonstrate printing of plate -- demonstrate reduction and registration
of colors.
Instruction for ceramic bowls:
8. Demonstrate Mimbres bowl draped slab using printing plate to make impression—cut
out circle and drape over plaster hump. Demonstrate adding
a slab/coil foot. Brush back side of bowl with black slip when leather hard
9. Demonstrate decorating techniques - carving, incising/sgraffito.
Demonstrate underglazing - glazing.
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Procedures:
- Study
the designs of the Southwest Native Americans. Select some symbols or
designs that are meaningful to you. Draw main symbols in center of
8” circle—keep detail minimal for a successful print. Design your
own symbols to represent things you value (for examples, family,
pets). Create a
border design around the circumference of the circle—Show
characteristics of SW Native American art.
- (Once
design is approved) Tape design to 9” square of Scratch foam print
plate. Trace over all lines of design with ballpoint pen. Make sure
you press hard.
- Remove
drawing from plate—go over all lines in plate to make a deeper
impression. Optional: Use
plastic modeling tools if planning to make a paper cast.
(Students who get done may make hand made paper and couche the paper
onto their printing plate. Layer with felts and press out the excess
water. Place between blotters to dry)
- Press
down some shapes to created black/white contrast
- Cut
out printing plate circle
(some students cut out their shapes and glued to 8" cardboard
circle as sample above)
- Cover
tables with newspaper. Roll
ink onto plate with brayer—thin coats are important to insure even
print. Ink should make a tacky sound on ink plate.
Move over to a clean surface to print
- Lay
print paper over inked printing plate—Rub back of paper with flat
side of spoon to transfer ink. If making a reduction print - print
light color first (we used white ink as a first color on colored
papers).
- If
making a reduction print---wash off ink and dry plate---Press down
more areas of plate - go over all lines to make deeper—Roll on a
darker color and register over first color print on paper same as above. Make at least
three quality prints
(we used white ink on black and brown paper. Our
second colors were red, turquoise or blue). Note: Finished example
above is double matted - with blue paper and a printed border.
- For
ceramic mimbres bowl: roll out slab of clay—approx. 3/8” thick. Press
plate into slab. Cut out circle. Drape slab over plaster hump to form
bowl (elevate on butter dish so rim doesn't flatten out)). Cut a
3/8" strip of clay to make foot. Shape into a ring - score and
slip onto base of bowl. Smooth rim of bowl with sponge—allow to dry to leather hard stage
before incising designs (sgraffito) on outside and carving images on inside of bowl.
- Brush black slip on outside of bowl—incise when leather hard
with Indian motifs, symbols, designs. Carve the inside of the bowl
slightly to bring out the textures of the print impression.
- Glazing:
brush black underglaze over carved design -- wash off (underglaze will
stain the textures). Use underglazes on designs inside bowl. Brush
clear glaze over black slip on outside of bowl
Note: For
this unit, students made two bowls. One to donate and one to keep. The
bowl to donate for the Empty Bowl Silent Auction was a draped slab with
leaf impressions (showing our appreciation on nature).
- Clay is
rolled out to uniform thickness using rolling pins and guide
sticks.
- Leaves
are gently pressed into the clay and rolled over with rolling pin.
- Round
shape is cut out (8" to 9" circle or irregular organic
shape).
- Turn
over and add textures to back of bowl - lace and assorted stamps are
available (leave the leaves in)
- Clay is
draped over plaster hump (hump is made by pouring plaster into Styrofoam
and/or assorted plastic dishes ahead of time). It is a good idea to
raise the hump with a plastic dish so rim of bowl doesn't flatten out.
- Smooth
edges of bowls with a damp sponge.
- After
firing - rinse bowl - use underglazes to stain the leaf impressions.
Choose warm or cool colors.
- glaze
the back side of the bowl a solid color - select a glaze that goes
with the underglazes selected.
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